Biological effects of OCA

Vegetative growth and production of gametes by kelp from the North Sea (Germany) increased under ocean acidification conditions. (Laboratory study)

Unlike most marine invertebrates, the common slipper shell broods its embryos in capsules. This study found that the capsules do not protect the embryos from ocean acidification. When brooded [...]

Higher levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) enhanced growth of a green seaweed (Ulva lactuca). (Laboratory study)

Eighteen marine species exposed to ocean acidification conditions for 60 days exhibited a wide range of responses. Ten of the 18 species were affected negatively with lower rates of net [...]

Shell growth of blue mussels from the Baltic Sea decreased under ocean acidification conditions. Data suggest that the reduced shell growth under severe acidification did not result from [...]

Body fluids of the northern sea urchin became acidified when the urchins lived in ocean acidification conditions for 5 weeks. (Laboratory study)

Shell growth or crystal microstructure of the ocean quahog did not change under different levels of ocean acidification conditions. (Laboratory study)

Sea urchin larvae were able to maintain the pH inside their cells under ocean acidification conditions. (Laboratory study)

Sea urchin larvae normally have alkaline conditions (pH 9.5) in their stomachs. When larvae were exposed to ocean acidification conditions, the pH of their stomachs decreased. This change could [...]

Sea urchins living in ocean acidification conditions for 45 days grew less. They were able to actively maintain the pH outside the cells in their bodies. (Laboratory study)