Scientific Literature

Rivers are a dominant source of sediment entering the ocean. The sediment can be trapped in frontal zones and other oceanographic features, leading to high concentrations. Because of this and [...]

This study analyzed changes in phytoplankton and zooplankton on the Newfoundland and Scotian shelves from 1962 to 2003 in relation to changes in oceanography. Three categories of phytoplankton [...]

This study analyzed thermohaline dynamics of the Gulf of Maine based on data published in 1968. It describes six water masses: Maine Surface Water, Maine Intermediate Water, and Maine Bottom [...]

Two dominant marine calcifying phytoplankton species, the coccolithophorids Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica, produced less calcite under ocean acidification conditions. They also had [...]

Shell growth or crystal microstructure of the ocean quahog did not change under different levels of ocean acidification conditions. (Laboratory study)

Sea urchin larvae were able to maintain the pH inside their cells under ocean acidification conditions. (Laboratory study)

Sea urchins living in ocean acidification conditions for 45 days grew less. They were able to actively maintain the pH outside the cells in their bodies. (Laboratory study)

Ocean acidification conditions and warmer temperatures reduced the survival, development, growth, and lipid synthesis of hard clam and bay scallop larvae. During the juvenile life stages, ocean [...]

The Gulf of Maine’s unusual geography and oceanography make it distinct from other continental shelf ecosystems. It has deep basins, shallow offshore banks that limit water flow between the [...]

Sea urchin larvae from the Mediterranean Sea survived at higher rates under ocean acidification conditions, but they grew smaller. Warmer temperatures increased survival and growth rates of the [...]