Vulnerability of early life stage Northwest Atlantic forage fish to ocean acidification and low oxygen

For three ecologically important estuarine fish species—inland silverside, Atlantic silverside, and sheepshead minnow—the early life stages were more sensitive to low oxygen than they were to low pH. The combination of low oxygen and low pH had the biggest effect. The results suggest that ocean acidification and hypoxia may reduce the availability of these forage fish for predators. (Laboratory study)