Biological effects of OCA

Blue mussels in pH 7.1 seawater for 44 days had reduced shell growth, and those in pH 6.8 virtually stopped growing. In less acidified water—pH 7.4 or 7.6—shell growth was not [...]

Blue mussels in acidified seawater for 32 days had suppressed immune responses. (Laboratory study)

Ocean acidification conditions interfered with the chemoreception, or “smelling”, that hermit crabs use to find shells and prey. The hermit crabs moved less, had lower flicking [...]

A species of copepod (Tisbe battagliai) had decreased reproduction and growth when exposed to ocean acidification conditions. Over time, these changes could result in smaller brood [...]

A coralline red alga that lives in tide pools, where it is common for CO2 levels to fluctuate tremendously daily and seasonally, was relatively robust to ocean acidification conditions, [...]

While ocean acidification may have some negative effects on the eggs of amphipods, exposure to low-salinity water is likely to affect the eggs more, based on ocean acidification trends projected [...]

In the gulf toadfish, respiratory gas transport and acid–base balance are affected by ocean acidification. While the full physiological impacts are not known, the changes could compromise [...]

This field study in Papua New Guinea examined the effects of natural carbon dioxide seeps on coral reef ecosystems. At reduced pH, coral diversity was lower, population replenishment and [...]

Ocean acidification may favor growth of algal turfs rather than kelp forests. Such a change would affect the many species associated with algal turf or kelp forest habitats.

When scientists collected pteropods living in the Southern Ocean, where high levels of CO2 caused low availability of calcium carbonate in the water for building shells, they found that the [...]