Multiple stressors

The effects of ocean acidification on the growth and shell production by juvenile and adult shelled molluscs are variable among species and even within the same species, precluding the drawing of [...]

When a coralline alga was exposed to both ocean acidification and solar UV radiation, its growth, photosynthesis, and calcification rates were greatly reduced, compared to when it was exposed [...]

When they were exposed to air at low tide, photosynthesis by three species of intertidal seaweeds was not saturated at present-day levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). They may benefit, [...]

The Arctic spider crab (Hyas araneus) appears to have a threshold of ocean acidification beyond which it fails to acclimate. In a 10-week experiment, it had a limited ability to adjust to effects [...]

Sea stars collected in Nova Scotia, Canada, grew more slowly under ocean acidification conditions, and their growth rate decreased further with a warmer temperature. In contrast, blue mussel grew [...]

Carbon dioxide partial pressure and vitamin B12 interactively influenced growth, carbon fixation, trace metal requirements, and trace metal net use efficiencies of the subarctic [...]

When pre-winter juvenile pteropods were cultured at a range of warmer temperatures and ocean acidification levels for 29 days, temperature was the overriding cause of increased mortality. [...]

Four species of intertidal brown seaweeds increased their uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) as ambient CO2 concentration increased, while one other species did not. The amount of increased CO2 [...]

Bryozoan colonies were able to survive short-term exposure to high levels of ocean acidification at normal temperatures. However, its ability to calcify at higher temperatures was compromised.

This article provides an overview of how rivers, which tend to be acidic compared to the ocean, affect shellfish, with a focus on the Gulf of Maine.