Mollusks

Calcification rates of the blue mussel and the Pacific oyster decline with increasing ocean acidification. Mussel and oyster calcification may decrease by 25 percent and 10 percent, respectively, [...]

Sea stars collected in Nova Scotia, Canada, grew more slowly under ocean acidification conditions, and their growth rate decreased further with a warmer temperature. In contrast, blue mussel grew [...]

Experiments with quahogs exposed to trace metal pollutants under ocean acidification conditions revealed complex interactions and indicated that variations in environmental CO2 may modulate the [...]

Ocean acidification increased the negative effects of cadmium pollution on the immune systems of quahogs and eastern oysters, potentially making them more vulnerable to pathogens and disease. [...]

Experiments with blue mussels from the Baltic Sea revealed a molecular basis of observed changes in physiology in response to ocean acidification. (Laboratory study)

Ocean acidification caused Eastern oysters and hard shell clams to accumulate more metal pollutants, which affected their physiology. (Laboratory study)

In larval scallops, ocean acidification (pH 7.4–7.6) reduced survivorship by more than 50 percent. Low-oxygen water inhibited growth and metamorphosis. When exposed to both low oxygen and ocean [...]

This book provides a comprehensive summary of knowledge of the hard clam by experts in various disciplines.

When pre-winter juvenile pteropods were cultured at a range of warmer temperatures and ocean acidification levels for 29 days, temperature was the overriding cause of increased mortality. [...]

Four species of pteropods from the tropical Pacific Ocean that naturally migrate into low-oxygen waters were not adversely affected when grown under ocean acidification conditions. However, [...]