Scientific Literature

Sea stars collected in Nova Scotia, Canada, grew more slowly under ocean acidification conditions, and their growth rate decreased further with a warmer temperature. In contrast, blue mussel grew [...]

When exposed to ocean acidification conditions (pH 7.7) for 80 days, coralline algae survived by increasing their calcification rates. However, those algae for which the pH had been dropped [...]

Experiments with quahogs exposed to trace metal pollutants under ocean acidification conditions revealed complex interactions and indicated that variations in environmental CO2 may modulate the [...]

Ocean acidification increased the negative effects of cadmium pollution on the immune systems of quahogs and eastern oysters, potentially making them more vulnerable to pathogens and disease. [...]

Weekly growth rate of a cold-water seaweed (Porphyra linearis) averaged 53% in regular air and 28% in CO2-enriched air. (Laboratory study)

Experiments with blue mussels from the Baltic Sea revealed a molecular basis of observed changes in physiology in response to ocean acidification. (Laboratory study)

Over the contiguous United States, precipitation, temperature, streamflow, and heavy and very heavy precipitation increased during the twentieth century. 

In green sea urchins from the Baltic Sea, the spines appear to be vulnerable to ocean acidification, which might reduce the urchins’ protection against predators. Intestinal epithelia may [...]

Aerobic scope and cardiac performance of Atlantic halibut increased following 14–16 weeks exposure to elevated temperatures and even more so in combination with CO2-acidified seawater. However, [...]

Ocean acidification caused Eastern oysters and hard shell clams to accumulate more metal pollutants, which affected their physiology. (Laboratory study)