Scientific Literature

The Kiel Fjord (Baltic Sea) has large natural variations in carbon dioxide levels. When barnacles from the fjord were raised for 8-12 weeks in warmer seawater under ocean [...]

Experiments with deep-sea and shallow-water crab species from the U.S. west coast indicated that deep-sea animals, which are adapted to a stable environment and have reduced metabolic rates, lack [...]

The copepod Calanus finmarchicus had reduced growth, development, and fecundity when exposed to ocean acidification conditions. However, offspring in the next generation did not have delayed [...]

This textbook discusses geochemical interactions between the ocean, solid earth, atmosphere, and climate.

The heat tolerance of a crab species was affected higher concentrations of carbon dioxide. (Laboratory study)

This study investigated how 16 intertidal seaweed species from southern Spain used inorganic carbon under different levels of ocean acidification conditions. (Laboratory study)

This article provides an overview of the most recent molecular data on the proteins of mollusk shells.

Through combined physical and chemical surveys of water properties, as well as biological sampling, along the Washington-Oregon-California coast in August 2011, this study showed that large [...]

Hard shell clams and eastern oysters exposed to moderate warming and ocean acidification conditions showed no sign of persistent oxidative stress. This indicates that long-term exposure to [...]

In 2007, the US west coast shellfish industry began to feel the effects of unprecedented levels of larval mortality in commercial hatcheries producing the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. [...]