Clams

Experiments with quahogs exposed to trace metal pollutants under ocean acidification conditions revealed complex interactions and indicated that variations in environmental CO2 may modulate the [...]

Ocean acidification increased the negative effects of cadmium pollution on the immune systems of quahogs and eastern oysters, potentially making them more vulnerable to pathogens and disease. [...]

This book provides a comprehensive summary of knowledge of the hard clam by experts in various disciplines.

This study investigated changes in mineralization in 18 species of marine calcifiers, which were reared for 60 days in different levels of ocean acidification conditions. The results suggest that [...]

This article provides an overview of how rivers, which tend to be acidic compared to the ocean, affect shellfish, with a focus on the Gulf of Maine.

The shell calcification rates of small hard clams in five size classes (0.39, 0.56, 0.78, 0.98, and 2.90 mm shell height) decreased with increasingly severe ocean acidification conditions [...]

Ocean acidification (OA) is increasingly recognized as a major global problem. Despite the scientific evidence, economic assessments of its effects are few. This analysis is an attempt to perform [...]

Educational introduction to the chemistry and biological impacts of ocean acidification

Educational website about ocean acidification created by the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary Education Team.

This study determined the pH tolerance of the embryonic and larval stages of hard clams and oysters. (Laboratory study)