Reproduction

Vegetative growth and production of gametes by kelp from the North Sea (Germany) increased under ocean acidification conditions. (Laboratory study)

Unlike most marine invertebrates, the common slipper shell broods its embryos in capsules. This study found that the capsules do not protect the embryos from ocean acidification. When brooded [...]

Survival of dispersing larvae represents a critical bottleneck that influences the population size of zebra mussels.

Ocean acidification conditions and warmer temperatures reduced the survival, development, growth, and lipid synthesis of hard clam and bay scallop larvae. During the juvenile life stages, ocean [...]

Sea urchin larvae from the Mediterranean Sea survived at higher rates under ocean acidification conditions, but they grew smaller. Warmer temperatures increased survival and growth rates of the [...]

Viability of copepod eggs and larvae was not affected by exposure to ocean acidification conditions. In contrast, warming by 2 or 4°C increased the viability of some eggs. (Laboratory study)

Egg production and hatching success of two copepod species was not affected by ocean acidification conditions during short-term incubations. (Laboratory study)

This study investigated the response of metamorphosing larvae of a tubeworm species (Hydroides elegans) to two climate change stressors—ocean acidification (pH 7.6) and low oxygen (hypoxia)—and [...]

When eelgrass was grown for a year under ocean acidification conditions in outdoor aquaria, they had greater reproductive output, below-ground biomass, and proliferation of new shoots. The [...]

The copepod Calanus finmarchicus had reduced growth, development, and fecundity when exposed to ocean acidification conditions. However, offspring in the next generation did not have delayed [...]