Juveniles

The effects of ocean acidification on the growth and shell production by juvenile and adult shelled molluscs are variable among species and even within the same species, precluding the drawing of [...]

A species of phytoplankton changed how it used carbon and energy when it was exposed to higher CO2 levels. The effects differed depending on whether the CO2 level change happened over 15-16 [...]

Ocean acidification conditions did not affect survival, body size, or developmental speed of a copepod species during any of its life stages. Egg production and hatching rates also did not change [...]

This book provides a comprehensive summary of knowledge of the hard clam by experts in various disciplines.

When pre-winter juvenile pteropods were cultured at a range of warmer temperatures and ocean acidification levels for 29 days, temperature was the overriding cause of increased mortality. [...]

Exposure of juvenile green seaweed to ocean acidification conditions for 80 days affected their ability to photosynthesize. (Laboratory study)

Blue mussels from the Kiel Fjord (Baltic Sea), where seawater pH tends to be low, were able to maintain growth rates when exposed to ocean acidification conditions (pH 7.7). in addition, juvenile [...]

Krill from the northern Atlantic Ocean exposed to ocean acidification conditions for 5 weeks had lower survival rates. (Laboratory study)

This article provides an overview of how rivers, which tend to be acidic compared to the ocean, affect shellfish, with a focus on the Gulf of Maine.

Brittlestar arms regenerated faster in warmer water. However, they did not do so when the temperature increase was accompanied by ocean acidification conditions. This may have occurred because [...]