Biological effects of OCA

Two species of brown kelp responded differently to being grown for 55 days under ocean acidification conditions. One grew more, and the other grew less. There were negative indirect effects on [...]

Ocean acidification conditions and warmer temperatures reduced the survival, development, growth, and lipid synthesis of hard clam and bay scallop larvae. During the juvenile life stages, ocean [...]

Sea urchin larvae from the Mediterranean Sea survived at higher rates under ocean acidification conditions, but they grew smaller. Warmer temperatures increased survival and growth rates of the [...]

Viability of copepod eggs and larvae was not affected by exposure to ocean acidification conditions. In contrast, warming by 2 or 4°C increased the viability of some eggs. (Laboratory study)

Egg production and hatching success of two copepod species was not affected by ocean acidification conditions during short-term incubations. (Laboratory study)

Common periwinkles had lower shell growth rates and less increase in shell thickness when grown in ocean acidification conditions, warmer temperatures, or both. Shells were also less pointed and [...]

Blue mussels from the Baltic Sea grew less when raised for seven weeks under ocean acidification conditions and with limited food algae. Corrosion of the internal shell surface occurred at a [...]

Swimming performance of Atlantic cod was not impaired after they had lived under ocean acidification conditions for 4 or 12 months. They did not have different metabolic rates, critical swimming [...]

Ocean acidification and/or warmer temperatures may affect immune response, parasite abundance and diversity, and bacterial infection of blue mussels. (Laboratory study)

Two dominant marine calcifying phytoplankton species, the coccolithophorids Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica, produced less calcite under ocean acidification conditions. They also had [...]