Impact of ocean acidification and elevated temperatures on early juveniles of the polar shelled pteropod Limacina helicina: Mortality, shell degradation, and shell growth.

  • Posted on: Mon, 06/13/2016 - 05:56
  • By: Anonymous

When pre-winter juvenile pteropods were cultured at a range of warmer temperatures and ocean acidification levels for 29 days, temperature was the overriding cause of increased mortality. However, ocean acidification was the main factor in reducing shell diameter by 10-12 percent and increasing shell degradation by 41 percent. This study ...

Seasonal and species-specific response of five brown macroalgae to high atmospheric CO2

  • Posted on: Mon, 06/13/2016 - 05:56
  • By: Anonymous

Four species of intertidal brown seaweeds increased their uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) as ambient CO2 concentration increased, while one other species did not. The amount of increased CO2 uptake changed seasonally with temperature, and for one species the results indicated that future impacts of increased CO2 would be greatest ...

Evolutionary potential of marine phytoplankton under ocean acidification

  • Posted on: Mon, 06/13/2016 - 05:56
  • By: Anonymous

Marine phytoplankton have many characteristics, such as rapid cell division rates and large population sizes, that may enable them to adapt to ocean acidification and other types of global change. This paper reviews findings from previous studies to evaluate whether this adaptation is likely to occur, and it stresses the ...

Vulnerability of early life stage Northwest Atlantic forage fish to ocean acidification and low oxygen

  • Posted on: Mon, 06/13/2016 - 05:56
  • By: Anonymous

For three ecologically important estuarine fish species—inland silverside, Atlantic silverside, and sheepshead minnow—the early life stages were more sensitive to low oxygen than they were to low pH. The combination of low oxygen and low pH had the biggest effect. The results suggest that ocean acidification and hypoxia may reduce ...

Environmental salinity modulates the effects of elevated CO2 levels on juvenile hardshell clams, Mercenaria mercenaria

  • Posted on: Mon, 06/13/2016 - 05:56
  • By: Anonymous

For juvenile hard-shell clams, ocean acidification alone or in combination with low salinity reduced the hardness and fracture toughness of their shells. This may reduce protection against predators. Salinity should be taken into account when predicting the effects of ocean acidification on estuarine bivalves. (Laboratory study)

Interactive effects of salinity and elevated CO2 levels on juvenile eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica.

  • Posted on: Mon, 06/13/2016 - 05:56
  • By: Anonymous

When juvenile oysters were exposed to ocean acidification and/or low salinity, they had greater mortality, less energy stored in their tissues, and loss of soft tissue indicating energy deficiency. Ocean acidification and low salinity also reduced the hardness and fracture resistance of their shells. (Laboratory study)

The growing human footprint on coastal and open-ocean biogeochemistry

  • Posted on: Mon, 06/13/2016 - 05:56
  • By: Anonymous

Climate change, rising atmospheric carbon dioxide, excess nutrient inputs, and pollution in its many forms are fundamentally altering the chemistry of the ocean, often on a global scale and, in some cases, at rates greatly exceeding those in the historical and recent geological record. Major observed trends include a shift ...

Effects of seawater temperature and pH on the boring rates of the sponge Cliona celata in scallop shells

  • Posted on: Mon, 06/13/2016 - 05:56
  • By: Anonymous

Ocean acidification increased the rate at which sponges bored into scallop shells. At pH 7.8, sponges bored twice the number of papillar holes and removed two times more shell weight than at pH 8.1. Greater erosion caused by the lower pH weakened the scallop shells. A warmer water temperature had ...

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