Reference Library: Northeast U.S.

The effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentrations on the metamorphosis, size, and survival of larval hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria), bay scallops (Argopecten irradians), and Eastern oysters (Crassotrea virginica)

  • Posted on: Wed, 03/30/2016 - 13:50
  • By: petert

We present experiments that examined the metamorphosis, growth, and survivorship of larvae from three species of commercially and ecologically valuable shellfish (Mercenaria mercenaria, Argopecten irradians, and Crassostrea virginica) at the levels of CO2 projected to occur during the 21st century and beyond. Under CO2 concentrations estimated to occur later this century (~66 Pa, 650 ...

Ocean Acidification 2.0: Managing our Changing Coastal Ocean Chemistry

  • Posted on: Wed, 03/30/2016 - 13:47
  • By: petert

Ocean acidification (OA) is rapidly emerging as a significant problem for organisms, ecosystems, and human societies. Globally, addressing OA and its impacts requires international agreements to reduce rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. However, the complex suite of drivers of changing carbonate chemistry in coastal environments also requires regional policy analysis, ...

Surface ocean pCO2 seasonality and sea-air CO2 flux estimates for the North American east coast

  • Posted on: Wed, 03/30/2016 - 13:44
  • By: petert

Underway and in situ observations of surface ocean pCO2, combined with satellite data, were used to develop pCO2 regional algorithms to analyze the seasonal and interannual variability of surface oceanpCO2 and sea-air CO2 flux for five physically and biologically distinct regions of the eastern North American continental shelf: the South Atlantic Bight (SAB), the Mid-Atlantic ...

Offspring sensitivity to ocean acidification changes seasonally in a coastal marine fish

  • Posted on: Wed, 03/30/2016 - 12:57
  • By: petert

 Experimental assessments of species vulnerabilities to ocean acidification are rapidly increasing in number, yet the potential for short- and long-term adaptation to high CO2 by contemporary marine organisms remains poorly understood. We used a novel experimental approach that combined bi-weekly sampling of a wild, spawning fish population (Atlantic silverside Menidia menidia) with ...

Ocean Acidification Decreases Growth and Development in American Lobster (Homarus americanus) Larvae

  • Posted on: Tue, 03/29/2016 - 17:03
  • By: petert

Ocean acidification resulting from the global increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration is emerging as a threat to marine species, including crustaceans. Fisheries involving the American lobster (Homarus americanus) are economically important in eastern Canada and United States. Based on ocean pH levels predicted for 2100, this study examined the effects ...

Adverse Effects of Ocean Acidification on Early Development of Squid (Doryteuthis pealeii)

  • Posted on: Tue, 03/29/2016 - 16:57
  • By: petert

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) is being absorbed into the ocean, altering seawater chemistry, with potentially negative impacts on a wide range of marine organisms. The early life stages of invertebrates with internal and external aragonite structures may be particularly vulnerable to this ocean acidification. Impacts to cephalopods, which form aragonite ...

History of nutrient inputs to the northeastern United States, 1930-2000

  • Posted on: Tue, 03/29/2016 - 16:40
  • By: petert

Humans have dramatically altered nutrient cycles at local to global scales. We examined changes in anthropogenic nutrient inputs to the northeastern United States (NE) from 1930 to 2000. We created a comprehensive time series of anthropogenic N and P inputs to 437 counties in the NE at 5 year intervals. ...

Death by dissolution: Sediment saturation state as a mortality factor for juvenile bivalves

  • Posted on: Tue, 03/29/2016 - 16:36
  • By: petert

We show that death by dissolution is an important size-dependent mortality factor for juvenile bivalves. Utilizing a new experimental design, we were able to replicate saturation states in sediments after values frequently encountered by Mercenaria mercenaria in coastal deposits (Ωaragonite = 0.4 and 0.6). When 0.2-mm M. mercenariawere reared in sediments at Ωaragonite = 0.4 ...

Physiological response and resilience of early life-stage Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) to past, present and future ocean acidification

  • Posted on: Tue, 03/29/2016 - 16:25
  • By: petert

The Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791), is the second most valuable bivalve fishery in the USA and is sensitive to high levels of partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2). Here we present experiments that comprehensively examined how the ocean's past, present and projected (21st and 22nd centuries) CO2 concentrations impact the growth and physiology ...

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