Hard shell clams and eastern oysters exposed to moderate warming and ocean acidification conditions showed no sign of persistent oxidative stress. This indicates that long-term exposure to moderately elevated CO2 and temperature minimally affects the cellular redox status in these bivalve species and that the earlier observed negative physiological effects ...

Exposure to extreme ocean acidification conditions (pH 6.95) did not affect growth of adult female copepods. However, only 4 percent of their eggs successfully yielded larvae.

Viability of copepod eggs and larvae was not affected by exposure to ocean acidification conditions. In contrast, warming by 2 or 4°C increased the viability of some eggs. (Laboratory study)

Egg production and hatching success of two copepod species was not affected by ocean acidification conditions during short-term incubations. (Laboratory study)

Common periwinkles had lower shell growth rates and less increase in shell thickness when grown in ocean acidification conditions, warmer temperatures, or both. Shells were also less pointed and more rounded. Those changes in shell growth appeared to result from disruption of the periwinkle's metabolism. (Laboratory studied)

Blue mussels from the Baltic Sea grew less when raised for seven weeks under ocean acidification conditions and with limited food algae. Corrosion of the internal shell surface occurred at a range of ocean acidification levels when food supply was low. When food supply was high, corrosion occurred only in ...

Swimming performance of Atlantic cod was not impaired after they had lived under ocean acidification conditions for 4 or 12 months. They did not have different metabolic rates, critical swimming speeds, or aerobic scope compared to those that lived in non-acidified seawater. (Laboratory study)

This study investigated how 16 intertidal seaweed species from southern Spain used inorganic carbon under different levels of ocean acidification conditions. (Laboratory study)

The heat tolerance of a crab species was affected higher concentrations of carbon dioxide. (Laboratory study)

Juvenile Atlantic cod exposed to ocean acidification conditions for 55 days had reduced weight gain, growth rate, and condition. Growth trajectories of those living in medium and high acidification levels were 2.5 and 7.5 times lower than that of those in the low acidification level. The findings suggest that Atlantic ...