When eelgrass was grown for a year under ocean acidification conditions in outdoor aquaria, they had greater reproductive output, below-ground biomass, and proliferation of new shoots. The findings suggest that ocean acidification will increase the productivity of seagrass meadows. (Laboratory study)

Experiments with deep-sea and shallow-water crab species from the U.S. west coast indicated that deep-sea animals, which are adapted to a stable environment and have reduced metabolic rates, lack the short-term acid–base regulatory capacity to cope with the sudden, large increases in carbon dioxide that would occur if carbon dioxide ...

The Kiel Fjord (Baltic Sea) has large natural variations in carbon dioxide levels. When barnacles from the fjord were raised for 8-12 weeks in warmer seawater under ocean acidification conditions, their growth and condition did not change significantly. Warming increased the shell strength, but ocean acidification conditions had only weak ...

Two dominant marine calcifying phytoplankton species, the coccolithophorids Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica, produced less calcite under ocean acidification conditions. They also had more deformities and higher rates of incomplete development. The findings suggest that ocean acidification could slow down the production of calcium carbonate in the ocean. (Laboratory study) ...

This study investigated changes in mineralization in 18 species of marine calcifiers, which were reared for 60 days in different levels of ocean acidification conditions. The results suggest that shell/skeletal mineralogy within some—but not all—marine calcifiers will change as carbon dioxide levels continue rising as a result of fossil fuel ...

Bryozoan colonies were able to survive short-term exposure to high levels of ocean acidification at normal temperatures. However, its ability to calcify at higher temperatures was compromised.

Growth rate and biomass of a seaweed (the red alga Chrondrus crispus) increased only when ocean acidification was accompanied by warmer temperatures. Photosynthesis was reduced under ocean acidification conditions. (Laboratory study)

King scallops in Norway clapped their shells (an escape response) with less force after being exposed to ocean acidification conditions for at least 30 days. The number of claps was unchanged, however. Ocean acidification also narrows the thermal tolerance range of scallops, resulting in elevated vulnerability to temperature extremes. These ...

Spider crab larvae that developed under ocean acidification conditions had higher metabolic rates. However, the larvae seem to be able to compensate for higher metabolic costs as their development time and survival was not affected. (Laboratory study)

Ocean acidification levels predicted for 2100 (seawater pH 7.8) did not significantly affect growth, arm regeneration, biochemical composition, or righting behavior of a sea star. (Laboratory study)